Meaning of red shift

When does a red-shifted photon dissolve into the “vacuum”?

Question.
If a photon’s wavelength keeps increasing with cosmic red-shift, at what point does it become indistinguishable from the background vacuum fluctuations?
In other words: when does a photon “drown” in the quantum sea of space itself?

Mathematical description of the five LEDO-Field forces (F_AR, F_PR, F_GR, F_CL, F_EDP).

Inertia as Resistance to State Change

In standard physics, inertia is commonly introduced as the resistance of a body to acceleration in space. Operationally, it is the property that relates an applied force to the resulting acceleration ($F=I*a$). While this definition is sufficient for many applications, it already represents a projection of a more general concept.

How the Roton Quantum Model reframes particles, forces, space, time, and causality — and why this changes how we think about the universe.

Particle Scattering

Ever wondered what happens if you shoot an electron at a proton or any other type of nucleus? At the CERN for instance a lot of such experiments take place.

Glossary

This glossary defines the key concepts, terms, and symbols used in the Roton Model.

• Core Roton-Model terms introduce the internal language of RQM.
• Standard-physics terms are listed separately and translated into the RQM picture.
• Historical / deprecated terms help interpret older drafts.

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Core Roton-Model Terms (alphabetical)

Alignment Field (see: Resonance Potential Field)

Projection of the LEDO-Field in respect to target axis alignment. Derived field describing the spatial pattern of preferred Roton orientation (axis direction). It is the “directional ordering” field that, when projected to electron scale, corresponds to the electric field.

Angular State (see Roton Rotation State)

Compact descriptor of a Roton’s axis, angular frequency, and phase. Determines resonance and coupling behavior.

Cylindrical Beam Model

Representation where each Roton emits a constant-width cylindrical influence (radius $r_e$) along its axis, without widening with distance. The decreasing hit probability with radius leads geometrically to an effective $1/r^2$ interaction.

Electron confinement

State where an electron is held in a temporarily stable position within a nucleon (proton, alpha). In RQM this is an electron whose positional degrees of freedom are strongly constrained by nearby Gridons / shells.

Electron encapsulation

State where a single electron is held in a temporarily stable position by surrounding nucleons (Neutrons, Alpha). In RQM this is an electron with unstable position whose positional degrees of freedom are strongly constrained by nearby nucleons.

Energy density field

Scalar field describing how much rotational (LEDO) energy is stored per volume at each point in space and time. Gradients in the energy density field generate effective forces and torques on Rotons, guiding them toward configurations that locally flatten or redistribute this energy landscape.

Entangular Force ($F_e$)

Rotational entanglement force along a common axis. Describes the directed “pull” between two Rotons that are willing to rotate in exact synchronicity (phase-locked along that axis).

Entangular (Modulation) Oscillation ($F_o$)

Longitudinal and radial micro-oscillation that appears when two rotationally entangled Rotons remain phase-locked at a distance. Each full turn produces a tiny periodic interlocking, manifesting as a small modulation of distance and effective force.

Gridlet

Single resonance channel between two Gridons, acting as a distance-locking, spring-like constraint. It is the geometric realization of the force between the Gridons, fixing a preferred separation and orientation through resonance.

Gridon

Elementary Roton-based resonance carrier with one or more internal rotation channels. Acts as a localized node in a resonance grid that can lock its channels to others via Gridlets. Generalization of the older “Trion” concept.

Harmonic Coupling

Distance-selective interaction that gives entangled Rotons a preferred separation based on overlapping harmonic modes. The system tends toward a resonance distance where the harmonic locking force is minimal.

Harmonic Locking Force

Axial or radial force that tries to keep Rotons at a specific resonance distance. Arises from overlapping harmonic oscillations; if the preferred distance cannot be maintained, the same mechanism may manifest as a phase shift (requiring an effective speed change).

Hit Probability (Effective)

Probability that a rotating Roton’s cylindrical beam intersects another Roton’s interaction radius. For a constant beam radius $r_e$, this scales with distance $r$ as
$$p_{\text{hit}} \propto \frac{1}{r^2}.$$

Induced Alignment Field

Alignment (electric-like) field generated by a changing Roton Curl Field. In RQM, this is the induced pattern of Roton re-orientation associated with Faraday-type induction.

Interaction Radius ($r_e$)

Effective radius of a Rotons circular cross-section through which it can interact with other Rotons. Appears in the hit-probability geometry and in the Coulomb mapping.

Quad-Entanglement

Configuration corresponding to an $e$–$p$–$p$–$e$ chain. In RQM this is interpretable as an alpha-like structure with two electrons in rotational symmetry, forming a closed entangled loop.

Quon

Gridon in a dynamically resonant, self-tuning state within a Gridon–Gridlet network. Quons or not self-sustained, they need either a pair entangled Quon with mirroring trajectory or neighboring Quons in resonant sync. Quons provide further quon-span resonant attractions to optimize energy state. On higher hierarchy levels, Quon–Quon gridlets mediate nucleus–nucleus bonding.

Reson

A localized oscillation pattern of the LEDO-Field. While a Roton is self-sustained, a Reson can only persist induced by it’s surrounding (e.g. a paired Reson). A Reson might e.g. be the dynamic mode of a Roton-Pair.

Resonance (Roton Resonance)

Frequency- and phase-dependent interaction between Rotons that enhances alignment or attraction/repulsion. When their rotation states (axis, frequency, phase) match appropriately, coupling is strengthened and can produce distance-locking or strong entanglement.

Resonance Alignment

The state in which two or more Rotons (or Gridons) align their axes and phases under resonance conditions. In this state, their effective forces add coherently and form or keep stable, directional links (see: resonance channel).

Resonance Potential / Resonance Outlet

An object providing a potential resonance channel.

Resonance Potential / Induction / Torque Field

The vector field given by the spatial and angular gradient of the resonance potential. It exerts torques on Roton axes and forces on positions, driving the system toward resonance optima.

Resonance Channel

A specific axis and mode along which two Rotons or Gridons can exchange resonance modes coherently. In structured matter, each Resonance Channel is realized as a Gridlet that locks distance and orientation between its two endpoints.

Roton

Fundamental rotational unit in RQM. A Roton is specified by its orientation (axis), angular frequency, radius (if relevant), and phase. It carries rotational energy and interacts with other Rotons through resonance and alignment. A multi-dimensional Roton trajectories might be separable into multiple planar Rotons.

Roton Axis

Rotation axis of a Roton Object. Direction along which a Roton emits its cylindrical influence. Sets the alignment direction relevant for entanglement potentials and axial coupling.

Roton Beam

Cylindrical influence emitted along the Roton axis. Used in the geometric derivation of effective inverse-square laws in the model.

Roton Coupling

Interaction strength between the rotation states of two Rotons, governed by their relative axis alignment, phase relation, and resonance conditions. Can be attractive, repulsive, or neutral.

Roton Curl Field

Internal RQM field describing pure circulation / vorticity of Roton orientations induced by time-varying alignment. When projected to electron scale, this might be associated with the magnetic field.

Roton Field (also: Rotonal Field, LEDO-Field)

Collective behavior of Rotons in a region, including both alignment (gradient-like) and curl (circulation-like) components. The Roton Field is the underlying structure from which electric and magnetic fields emerge.

Roton Locking

State where a Roton’s rotation axis and frequency are stabilized by inertial or material constraints. In many situations this behaves as a “locked electron mode” and can mimic a positive charge.

Roton Mode (Rotational Mode)

Particular configuration of axis, frequency, and phase. Determines resonance properties and effective interaction behavior of a Roton.

Roton Orientation Field (see Alignment Field)

Field of preferred Roton directions in space. Static orientation fields correspond to static electric-like configurations.

Roton Rotation State (also: Rotation State, Rotonor, Roton Signature)

Full specification of a Roton’s axis, angular frequency, phase, and (if relevant) radius. Determines all static (electric-like) and dynamic (magnetic-like) contributions to the Roton Field.

Rotonal Charge

Effective “charge count” defined as the number of identical rotational units of a given span that overlap within an entanglement tunnel. Measures how many coherent Roton modes contribute to an interaction.

Rotonal Inertia

Inertia arising from resistance to changes in rotation axis rather than from translational mass alone. Encodes the gyroscopic aspect of inertia in the Roton Model.

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Standard-Physics Terms in RQM View (alphabetical)

These are familiar concepts from classical or quantum physics, re-expressed in Roton-Model language.