Open question

One open remaining question in RQM is, whether an Alpha-Particle effectively has free resonance potentials or not. If it has, it either contains two electrons with at least one open resonance channel, or the whole structure has two resonance-channels left. If not, it simply provides a “empty location in space” with a energy-density pot. Where an electron-Pair and a Alpha-Particle share their energetic center.

How can we decide this? We need to have a look at molecules and their properties. If an alpha indeed contains 2 electron-span resonance channels, they’d need to remain symmetrical with electrons on both sides. Do they? Hmm not necessarily.

Can an Alpha particle “bind” single electrons, or will it always bind 0 or 2 electrons?

Considerations:

• There is no stable constellation, where an alpha-particle only binds to a single electron. It either binds to 0 or 2 electrons.
• Check: He+ ion instable but routinely present. Captures a second electron.

Verdict: So for molecular discussions we have to remain with the view, that an alpha-Particle can potentially attract single unpaired-electrons too. But it will allways draw single valence-electrons away from neighbouring Protons and Deuterons. So for most molecular structures, an alpha particle will still retain it’s linear quad-entangled character as optimal energetical constellation.

Excotic molecules

So instead of normal molecules, let’s dive into the oceaon of extraordinary molecules.

Examples of special molecular resonance systems

Continueing the principles of energy density optimizations and resonance-channels distribution we see interesting behavior on molecular level.

General Potential behavior

• Shared electron planes between the atoms. Electrons can fill all 3 resonance-channels.
• Two electrons creating a shared trajectory which is not a circle but a precessing circle such, that orbitals rotate in two separate planes above and below the molecular energy density gradient. Creating a top and buttom molecular crest.
• Parallel-rotonal planes that combine valence electrons over multiple atoms creating p-shell like systems: Multi-Pair Electrons in a combined oscillation in two separate directions.

What they have in common is, that they share a common center with the energy density center of a common molecule. Especially in situations, where the molecular center is not occupied by a atom core.

H₂ (hydrogen molecule)

• Atoms: H (Z=1) + H (Z=1)
• Two protons, two electrons
• Established view: Shared central σ-bond, two-center symmetric resonance system

Olavian model: Both electrons establish a new resonance channel in which they rotate around a common center. This center is identical to the two-protons energy-density center. The Protons already provide one free electron-span resonance channel. The electrons can now realize all three of their resonance channels. (1) to its own Proton, (2) to the other Proton, (3) to the other electron.

H₃⁺ (triatomic hydrogen ion)

• Atoms: 3×H (Z=1)
• Three protons, two electrons
• Established view: Planar triangular geometry, Three-center two-electron resonance, Highly symmetric collective binding

The Protons of course create a triangular shape. The two electrons will establish a resonance-channel with its center at the triangle center. Keeping a symmetry, the electrons will most likely separate into two lopes at top and bottom. This additional rotation allows the electrons to move closer together and at the same time establish a state with higher energy density.

Interestingly this is said to be the most stable Ion in the universe. The $H_3$ itself though is not very stable and eventually decays into a $H_2$ and H. How would RQM describe this? Basically we have 1 free resonance channel in the system and the electrons constantly approach different protons, no proton is easily available to establish external resonance channels. Once it does, the remaining electrons will re-couple to the two other remaining protons splitting into H_2 and H.

This can be described in RQM terms.

Multi-center / electron-deficient molecules

BeH₂

• Be (Z=4), H (Z=1)
• Standard view: Not known yet

Rotonal view: Be = 4 Electrons, 4 Protons, 5 Neutrons & H = 1 Proton, 1 Electron So BeH2 is primarily 2 Alpha + 1 Cap with 4 electrons (presumably in 2 p-shells) with two H-Electrons at the sides. No the H-Electrons need to combine, so the each take one outer Electron pair. At the end we get a 1 Alpha center with two 1s Electrons. A second Alpha with two shared Electrons forming a kind of 2p-shell. This is a linear molecule (according core structure).

Why does the Alpha+2-Electron pair in symmetric constellation still hold? Because the fill a full 2p-shell with no outer 1s shell. Or at least, they “build” a similar co-rotating double bond structure around the H-Be-H line.

• Standard view: Linear multi-center bonding
  As the orbitals of the valence electrons is not at the exact distance of the original p2 shells. It is not called this way. It is rather seen as a electron distribution around the H-Be-H molecule.

Again you can feel my tension and joy in respect to how this simple model came up with solutions that took “modern molecular-orbital thinking” so long.

B₂Cl₂

• B (Z=5), Cl (Z=17)
• Electron-deficient multi-center bonding

Isotopes used: 11B (80%), 5 Protons, 6 Neutrons Chlor 35Cl (76%) 17 Protons 18 Neutrons

Bor: 2-Alphas, 1 Deuteron. 0-1 Neutrons Triangular structure. Nearly symmetric geometrically slightly asymmetric regarding distribution of Protons. Variation: not many

Cl: 8 Alphas, 1 Deuteron, 1/3 Neutrons. Very compact 8-Alphas core. 1 Deuteron hanging around. Variation: Unclear

Hmm. Now we have 2 of each. So we have two 8-Alpha + 2-Alpha cores and 4 single valence electrons. Hanging around.

So the 4 Atom-Cores will most likely align such, that their “smaller” exposed Deuteron will be either to center or to outer. Assuming outside as we are into electrons. Cl-2 and B-2 will couple to good linear molecules already. Bringing them together to 4 they can arrange closely. The free electrons could be placed as a tetrahedron - but is this of any use?

The 4 Valence electrons could thearetically create two electron rings around a linear Double Cl-Line with ortogonal B-Cores symmetrically in the middle, with a WOW not two single rings… but a combined Double Electron-Pair iscillating in a 2p-Orbital style holding the whole structure together.

B₂H₆ (diborane)

• B (Z=5), H (Z=1)
• Classic 3-center-2-electron bridge bonds

These systems show strong internal redistribution of binding energy across shared resonance channels rather than simple pairwise Coulomb attraction.